农户对水稻低碳生产技术的采纳意愿研究

全球气候变暖引发了各界的关注,由于农业生产对气候变化的高度依赖性和敏感性,气候变化对农业生产的影响已逐步成为农业领域研究的热点问题.低碳农业生产技术可以从根源上减少碳排放,具有较好的发展前景.研究农户采纳水稻低碳生产技术的影响因素和干预路径,对有效推动低碳农业生产技术和中国低碳农业生产具有重要的现实意义.该文基于湖北省水稻产地1 115户农户的调查数据,对农户采纳水稻低碳生产技术的因素进行了分析,并基于改进的UTAUT(技术采纳与利用整合理论)模型构建农户水稻低碳生产技术采纳的概念模型,采用PLS-SEM(基于偏最小二乘法的方差分析法)对农户采纳水稻低碳生产技术的关键影响因素和干预路径进行分析.研究结果表明:(1)提高农户的气候变化认知有助于提高农户采纳低碳生产技术的意愿;(2)低碳农业生产技术的实施成本对农户采纳意愿具有显著的负向影响;(3)农户对低碳农业生产技术的采纳受周围人群的影响较为显著;(4)技术门槛和实施条件等表征便利条件对农户采纳低碳生产技术具有显著的促进作用.     

基于农户意愿分析的农村居民点整理时序分区

农村居民点整理是优化居民点空间布局、改善农村环境及实现耕地占补平衡的重要手段,开展区域农村居民点整理时序研究,对农居点整理具有重要的指导意义。以南京市江北新区桥林和星甸街道为例,在农户意愿实地调研的基础上,结合居民点整理潜力,从整理迫切性、整理能力等角度选取关键指标,构建了农居点整理时序指标评价体系。基于评价结果,对研究区进行村域尺度的农村居民点整理时序分区。结果表明:(1)桥林和星甸街道可整理的理论潜力2 594.02hm~2,整理潜力较大,且各村整理潜力存在显著的差异;(2)对农户意愿影响较显著的因素有:补偿满意度、家庭收入、政策执行满意度、户主职业、邻里关系、现有宅基地面积、搬迁以后的生活成本及从众心理,结合指标获取难易程度及代表性,选取了表征农户意愿的指标。(3)研究区可分为优先整理区、重要整理区、次要整理区及最后整理区4类,它们可整理的理论潜力依次为718.63hm~2,861.85hm~2,875.70hm~2及136.03hm~2。     

精准扶贫中全过程"公众参与"路径探索

从精确识别、精准帮扶、精准管理和精准考核等方面开展全过程"公众参与"扶贫路径探索,对实现党和政府提出的精准扶贫要求、创新扶贫开发模式和提高精准扶贫成效等方面具有重大的理论和现实意义。     

土地规模化流转背景下农业雇工受雇意愿及影响因素分析

当前我国土地规模化流转背景下,农业雇工在缓解农村富余劳动力就业压力和满足规模化经营需要两方面发挥了重要作用。基于黑龙江省412份农户样本数据,建立Logistic回归模型分析农业雇工受雇意愿及影响因素。结果表明,愿意成为农业雇工的女性比例明显高于男性,占58.35%;年龄在50岁以上的农民受雇意愿最高,达55.62%。年龄、土地转出、家庭农业劳动力数量以及家庭农业收入比重对农业雇工受雇意愿有显著的正向影响;是否具有非农技能、家庭耕地面积、土地转入和期望劳动工资等因素对农业雇工受雇意愿有显著的负向影响;期望劳动合同形式和期望劳动地点对农业雇工受雇意愿没有明显影响。基于此,建议建立农村闲散劳动力用工平台,加强农业雇工劳动技能培训;培养新型农业经营主体,优化农村富余劳动力就业结构;完善农业雇工社会保障机制,提高农业雇工劳动保障意识,保障农业雇工权益。     

家庭农场对农业保险购买意愿及其影响因素研究——基于江苏省307户的调查

基于江苏省307户家庭农场的问卷调查,对家庭农场的农业保险需求进行描述性统计分析,并利用Logistic模型实证检验各因素对农业保险购买意愿的影响结果和程度。结果表明:农业收入占比、对农业风险和农业保险的认知情况、险种等因素对家庭农场的农业保险购买意愿有显著正影响,保费补贴比例与购买意愿显著负相关。据此,从政府和保险公司角度提出促进农业保险发展的政策建议。     

农业规模化经营的本土劳动力参与机制:以上海市崇明区XX合作社为例

为促进农业规模化经营与农村经济社会的共同协调发展,以上海市崇明区LY村为例,对该村XX合作社发展农业规模化经营过程中本土劳动力的参与情况进行分析,探讨这一过程中本土劳动力参与机制的构建及其对我国农业经营方式发展的启示。结果表明,基于不同层次本土劳动力的特征和本土农村礼俗社会的人际关系网络,合作社通过合理的劳动制度安排和与本土劳动力精英的合作,构建了主动参与和聘请制的本土劳动力参与机制,为自身经营提供了充足的劳动力支撑,并与本土村民建立了良好的融合共生关系,增加了本土农村社区的福祉。     

Participatory Policy Making by Dairy Producers to Reduce Anti‐Microbial use on Farms

Pressures for more responsible use of anti‐microbial (AM) medicines in food animals are likely to increase from policymakers and the food industry, including retailers. To address this challenge, participatory approaches to welfare interventions and disease prevention may also be necessary alongside more conventional regulatory measures. This article describes the process of enabling groups of dairy producers to use a participatory policy making approach to develop an AM stewardship policy. The policy includes measures agreed to by all producers for more responsible use of AMs, whilst maintaining or improving dairy herd health and welfare. This process provided a unique opportunity for collaboration and dialogue between producers, veterinarians, industry and researchers. Its participatory nature encouraged comprehensive learning for all involved. This integration of science with producers’ knowledge and experience led to credible and practical recommendations designed to deliver real and lasting change in AM use. The multidisciplinary nature of this research marks a significant contribution to embedding social science skills and approaches into the veterinary sphere. As an initial step in creating better understanding of how participatory approaches with farmers can be applied in a UK context and more widely, this work serves as a pilot for promoting more responsible use of veterinary medicines in other livestock species.     

基于农户意愿的农村居民点整理影响因素分析

根据山西省稷山县太阳乡的103户农户对农村居民点整理意愿的问卷调查数据,运用Logistics模型对问卷的数据从农户基本家庭状况、土地利用状况、农户整理意愿调查3个方面12个因素进行分析。结果表明,距城镇的距离、年龄、房屋修建年数、闲置房屋数量、政策了解程度和自筹资金6个因素对农户进行农村居民点整理意愿的影响显著。农户是农村土地的使用主体,对推进农村居民点整理有着直接的影响。基于以上分析结果,以农户意愿为切入点,提出了有序推进农村居民点整理的对策和建议。     

Changes in angler participation and demographics: analysis of a 17‐year licence stub return system for Atlantic salmon

Abstract Patterns of change in angler participation and demographics were examined for the recreational Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. An analysis of a licence stub return system, 1994–2010, showed a significant decline in resident angler participation, but this was not consistent across all regions of the Province. Mean age of anglers increased significantly, varying from 39.0 years in 1994 to 46.5 years by 2010. In some regions, mean age rose by over 12 years since the mid‐1990s, reflecting a decline in the recruitment of younger anglers. The return rate of angler logs also declined over time and was found to vary by age, sex and area of angler residence. Women and older anglers, and those living in specific rural areas had a greater tendency to return a record of their catch history than men and younger anglers. Identified changes in participation and demographics, which can affect exploitation and ultimately abundance, could be used to develop management measures that would maximise both harvest and socio‐economic benefits to the varied users of the resource.     

社区林业与妇女参与研究进展

文中对社区林业的产生与发展过程进行了回顾, 对其类型、与传统林业的区别、发展目标以及评价社区林业成败的因子进行了总结, 并探讨了妇女在社区林业中的参与现状、影响因素以及有效的参与手段。